Indonesia's population is the fifth largest in the world. The population age structure is typical of a middle-income country, with the majority of the population aged between 15 and 40 years old. This favourable demographic structure puts the country in a strong economic position at present as it represents a strong working age population and low dependency ratio.
However, in decades to come concerns may arise over the ageing population as pensioner welfare and superannuation policies are not yet well established. The sex ratio is almost exactly even at 49.66% female, 50.34% male.