95% of the population are ethnically Egyptian. As cities expand and urbanisation propagates, tribal communities such as the Bejas and the Doms are progressively being engulfed. Other Egyptian ethnicities include Berbers, Nubians, Arabs, Greeks and Turks. Islam is the dominant religion, whilst Coptic Orthodox Christianity comprises the second largest majority.
As life expectancy is relatively high, the country's age structure is considerably well distributed. The economy is now beginning to reap the demographic dividends of a young and abundant labour force (28.2 million) which will become even more pertinent in coming years if standards of living continue to improve.